1. Le Bras S, Van Doren M. Development of the male germline stem cell niche in Drosophila. Dev Biol. 2006 Mar 24; [Epub ahead of print]

2. Ogawa T, Ohmura M, Ohbo K. The niche for spermatogonial stem cells in the mammalian testis. Int J Hematol. 2005; 82: 381-8.

3. Kanatsu-Shinohara M: Allogeneic offspring produced by male germ line stem cell transplantation into infertile mouse testis. Biol Reprod. 2003; 68: 167-73.

4. Ogawa T. Dobrinski I, Avarbock M, Brinster R. Transplantation of male germ line stem cells restores fertility in infertile mice. Nature Medicine. 2000; 6, 29-34.

5. Guan K, Nayernia K, Maier LS, et al: Pluripotency of spermatogonial stem cells from adult mouse testis. Nature. 2006; 24: [Epub ahead of print]

6. von Schalburg KR, McCarthy SP, Rise ML, et al: Expression of morphogenic genes in mature ovarian and testicular tissues: potential stem-cell niche markers and patterning factors. Mol Reprod Dev. 2006; 73: 142-52.

7. Lassalle B, Bastos H, Louis JP, et al: 'Side Population' cells in adult mouse testis express Bcrp1 gene and are enriched in spermatogonia and germinal stem cells. Development. 2004; 131: 479-87.

8. Jacob A, Barker H, Goodman A, Holmes J. Recovery of spermatogenesis following bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998; 22: 277-9.

9. Liu FH, Yang DZ, Wang YF, et al: Transplantation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the xenogeneic testis. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2005; 11: 499-502.

10. Watanabe M, Shirayoshi Y, Koshimizu U, et al: Gene transfection of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro and analysis of their survival and growth control. Exp Cell Res. 1997; 230: 76-83.

11. Hofmann MC, Hess RA, Goldberg E, Millan JL. Immortalized germ cells undergo meiosis in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91: 5533-7.

12. Kay MA, Liu D, Hoogerbrugge PM. Gene therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94: 12744-6.

13. Zanta MA, Belguise-Valladier P, Behr JP. Gene delivery: a single nuclear localization signal peptide is sufficient to carry DNA to the cell nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96: 91-6.

14. Jeong D, McLean DJ, Griswold MD. Long-term culture and transplantation of murine testicular germ cells. J Androl. 2003; 24: 661-9.

15. Hamra FK, Chapman KM, Nguyen DM, et al: Self renewal, expansion, and transfection of rat spermatogonial stem cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 29: 17430-5.

16. Hill JR, Dobrinski I. Male germ cell transplantation in livestock. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2006; 18: 13-8.

17. Ogawa T, Dobrinski I, Avarbock MR, Brinster RL. Xenogeneic spermatogenesis following transplantation of hamster germ cells to mouse testes. Biol Reprod. 1999; 60: 515-21.

18. Shinohara T, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, et al: Birth of offspring following transplantation of cryopreserved immature testicular pieces and in-vitro microinsemination. Hum Reprod. 2002; 17: 3039-3045.

19. Reis, M.M., Tsai, M.C., Schlegel, P.N. et al: Xenogeneic transplantation of human spermatogonia. Zygote. 2000 (in press).

20. Reis, M.M., Schlegel, P.N. Takeuchi, T. et al: Xenogeneic transplantation of human spermatogonia. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 1999; 13 (Suppl. 3): 24.

21. Nagano M, Patrizio P, Brinster RL. Long-term survival of human spermatogonial stem cells in mouse testes. Fertil Steril. 2002; 78: 1225-33.

22. Brook PF, Radford JA, Shalet SM. et al: Isolation of germ cells from human testicular tissue for low temperature storage and autotransplantation. Fertil Steril. 2001; 75: 269-74.

23. Nagano M, Shinohara T, Avarbock R, Brinster RL. Retrovirus-mediated gene delivery into male germ line stem cells. FEBS Lett. 2000; 475: 7-10.

24. Nagano M, Avarbock MR, Brinster RL. Pattern and kinetics of mouse donor spermatogonial stem cell colonization in recipient testes. Biol Reprod. 1999; 60: 1429-36.

25. Brinster, R.L. and Zimmermann, J.W. Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 1994; 92: 11298-11302.

26. Clouthier, D.E., Avarbock, M.R., Maika, S.D. et al: Rat spermatogenesis in mouse testis. Nature. 1996; 381: 30.

27. Schlatt, S., Rosiepen, G., Weinbauer, G.F. et al. Germ cell transfer into rat, bovine, monkey and human testes. Hum. Reprod. 1999; 14: 144-150.

28. Lee DR, Kim KS, Yang YH, et al: Isolation of male germ stem cell-like cells from testicular tissue of non-obstructive azoospermic patients and differentiation into haploid male germ cells in vitro. Hum Reprod. 2006; 21: 471-6.

29. Tycko, B., Trasler, J. and Bestor, T. Genomic imprinting: Gametic mechanisms and somatic consequences. J. Androl. 1997; 18: 480-486.

30. Park HJ, Yoo JJ, Kershen RT, et al: Reconstitution of human corporal smooth muscle and endothelial cells in vivo. J Urol. 1999; 162: 1106-9.

31. Kwon TG, Yoo JJ, Atala A. Autologous penile corpora cavernosa replacement using tissue engineering techniques. J Urol. 2002; 168: 1754-8.

32. Champion HC, Bivalacqua TJ, Hyman AL, et al: Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to the penis augments erectile responses in the aged rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96: 11648-52.

33. Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HC, Abdel-Mageed AB, et a: Gene transfer of prepro-calcitonin gene-related peptide restores erectile function in the aged rat. Biol Reprod. 2001; 65: 1371-7.

34. Chancellor MB, Tirney S, Mattes CE, et al: Nitric oxide synthase gene transfer for erectile dysfunction in a rat model. BJU Int. 2003; 91: 691-6.

35. Asakura A, Seale P, Girgis-Gabardo A, Rudnicki MA. Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle. J Cell Biol. 2002; 159: 123-34.

36. Griese DP, Ehsan A, Melo LG, et al: Isolation and transplantation of autologous circulating endothelial cells into denuded vessels and prosthetic grafts: implications for cell-based vascular therapy. Circulation. 2003; 108: 2710-5.

37. Wessells H, Williams SK. Endothelial cell transplantation into the corpus cavernosum: moving towards cell-based gene therapy. J Urol. 1999; 162: 2162-4.

38. Foresta C, Caretta N, Lana A, et al: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in subjects with erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2005; 17: 288-90.

39. Pilatz A, Schultheiss D, Gabouev AI, et al: Isolation of primary endothelial and stromal cell cultures of the corpus cavernosum penis for basic research and tissue engineering. Eur Urol. 2005; 47: 710-8.